@Article{MoraesPaulMuelPerr:2014:SeOrSt,
               author = "Moraes, A. De Oliveira and Paula, Eurico Rodrigues de and Muella, 
                         M. T. De Assis Honorato and Perrella, W. J.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Tecnol{\'o}gico de Aeron{\'a}utica (ITA)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade do Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba (UNIVAP)} and {Instituto 
                         Tecnol{\'o}gico de Aeron{\'a}utica (ITA)}",
                title = "On the second order statistics for GPS ionospheric scintillation 
                         modeling",
              journal = "Radio Science",
                 year = "2014",
               volume = "49",
               number = "2",
                pages = "94--105",
             keywords = "Ionosphere, Ionospheric measurement, Railroad crossings, 
                         Scintillation, Equatorial ionization anomaly, Fading duration, 
                         Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Ionospheric scintillation, 
                         Level crossing rates, Second order statistics, Statistical 
                         modeling, Temporal and spatial distribution, Fading (radio).",
             abstract = "Equatorial ionospheric scintillation is a phenomenon that occurs 
                         frequently, typically during nighttime, affecting radio signals 
                         that propagate through the ionosphere. Depending on the temporal 
                         and spatial distribution, ionospheric scintillation can represent 
                         a problem in the availability and precision for the Global 
                         Navigation Satellite System's users. This work is concerned with 
                         the statistical evaluation of the amplitude ionospheric 
                         scintillation fading events, namely, level crossing rate (LCR) and 
                         average fading duration (AFD). Using ±-¼ model, the LCR and AFD 
                         are validated against experimental data obtained in S{\~a}o 
                         Jos{\'e} dos Campos (23.1S; 45.8W; dip latitude 17.3S), Brazil, a 
                         station located near the southern crest of the ionospheric 
                         equatorial ionization anomaly. The amplitude scintillation data 
                         were collected between December 2001 and January 2002, a period of 
                         high solar flux conditions. The obtained results with the proposed 
                         model fitted quite well with the experimental data and performed 
                         better when compared to the widely used Nakagami-m model. 
                         Additionally, this work discusses the estimation of ± and ¼ 
                         parameters, and the best fading coefficients found in this 
                         analysis are related to scintillation severity. Finally, for 
                         theoretical situations in which no set of experimental data are 
                         available, this work also presents parameterized equations to 
                         describe these fading statistics properly. Key Points A model is 
                         proposed for second order statistics of ionospheric scintillation 
                         The model is validated using a large data set from the last solar 
                         maximum period A series of equations and approximations for 
                         estimating LCR and AFD ©2014. American Geophysical Union. All 
                         Rights Reserved.",
                  doi = "10.1002/2013RS005270",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013RS005270",
                 issn = "0048-6604",
                label = "scopus 2014-05 OliveiraMoraesPaulAssiPerr:2014:SeOrSt",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}